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List of African-American United States Representatives : ウィキペディア英語版 | List of African-American United States Representatives
The United States House of Representatives has had 131 elected and appointed African-American members. The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, which is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. By definition, African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The size and regional distribution of the black population )〕 Originally, African Americans were regarded as second-class citizens or slaves in America.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Time Line of African American History, 1881-1900 )〕 No African American served in federal elective office before the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870, which prohibits the federal government and state governments from denying any citizen the right to vote because of that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Many African-American members of the House of Representatives serve majority-minority districts. These congressional districts are gerrymandered, limit serious challenges to their re-election, and limit their abilities to represent a larger, more diverse constituency.〔 ==First generation of African-American House members, 1870–1887== ''(Note: Representatives are organized first in chronological order according to their first term in office, then second in alphabetical order according to their surname.)'' ; Political Party
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